Chapter 7 The Control of Microbial Growth 1) Which of the following is the best method to sterilize

Chapter 7 The Control of Microbial Growth

1) Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions?

A) dry heat

B) autoclave

C) membrane filtration

D) pasteurization

E) freezing

2) Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

A) The cells in a population die at a constant rate

B) All the cells in a culture die at once

C) Not all of the cells in a culture are killed

D) The pattern varies depending on the antimicrobial agent

E) The pattern varies depending on the species

3) Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

A) alcohol

B) phenolics

C) ethylene oxide

D) chlorine

E) soap

4) Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

A) phenol

B) chlorine bleach

C) chlorhexidine

D) soap

E) glutaraldehyde

5) Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

A) bacteriostatic — kills vegetative bacterial cells

B) germicide — kills microbes

C) virucide — inactivates viruses

D) sterilant — destroys all living microorganisms

E) fungicide — kills yeasts and molds

6) The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?

A) the formation of hypochlorous acid

B) the formation of hydrochloric acid

C) the formation of ozone

D) the formation of a hypochlorite ion

E) disruption of the plasma membrane

7) Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

A) Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum decrease effectiveness

B) Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins

C) Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids

D) Silver is used for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria

E) Alcohols effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses by attacking lipids

8) Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

A) dry heat

B) pasteurization

C) autoclave

D) supercritical fluids

E) ethylene oxide

9) Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?

A) It requires an excessively long time to achieve sterilization

B) It cannot inactivate viruses

C) It cannot kill endospores

D) It cannot be used with heat-labile materials

E) It cannot be used with glassware

10) An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

A) disinfectant

B) antiseptic

C) aseptic

D) fungicide

E) virucide

11) Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT

A) breaking of hydrogen bonds

B) alteration of membrane permeability

C) denaturation of enzymes

D) decreased thermal death time

E) damage to nucleic acids

12) Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting the plasma membrane?

A) soaps

B) aldehydes

C) bisphenols

D) halogens

E) heavy metals

13) Oxidizing agents include all of the following EXCEPT

A) chlorine

B) glutaraldehyde

C) hydrogen peroxide

D) iodine

E) ozone

14) Disinfection of water is achieved by all of the following EXCEPT

A) ozone

B) UV radiation

C) chlorine

D) copper sulfate

E) peracetic acid

15) All of the following substances are effective against nonenveloped viruses EXCEPT

A) alcohol

B) chlorine

C) ethylene oxide

D) ozone

E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are equally effective against nonenveloped viruses

16) Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

A) lyophilization

B) nonionizing radiation

C) freezing

D) ionizing radiation

E) pasteurization

17) Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide?

A) 100 percent

B) 70 percent

C) 50 percent

D) 40 percent

E) 30 percent

18) All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT

A) some bacteria metabolize disinfectants

B) gram-negative bacteria are often resistant to disinfectants

C) invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria

D) bacteria may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash

E) None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital-acquired infection

19) Which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth?

A) 63°C for 30 minutes

B) 72°C for 15 seconds

C) 140°C for 4 seconds

D) They are equivalent treatments

E) None of the answers is correct

20) Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper?

A) autoclave

B) gamma radiation

C) microwaves

D) sunlight

E) ultraviolet radiation

21) Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

A) Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum will decrease effectiveness

B) Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins

C) Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids

D) Some agents are utilized as both an antiseptic and a disinfectant

E) A true antimicrobial control agent is equally effective against both bacteria and viruses

Figure 71

A suspension of 106 Bacillus cereusendospores was put in a hot-air oven at 170°C Plate counts were used to determine the number of endospores surviving at the time intervals shown

22) In Figure 71, what is the thermal death time?

A) 150°C

B) 60 minutes

C) 120 minutes

D) 100°C

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

23) In Figure 71, the thermal death point for this culture is

A) 15 minutes

B) 50°C

C) 30 minutes

D) 170°C

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

24) In Figure 71, the decimal reduction time (D value) for the culture, which is defined as the time to reduce a population by one log, is approximately

A) 0 minutes

B) 10 minutes

C) 30 minutes

D) 40 minutes

E) 60 minutes

25) Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids?

A) heat

B) radiation

C) certain chemicals

D) heat and radiation

E) heat, radiation, and some chemicals

26) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Ag — wound dressings

B) alcohols — open wounds

C) CuSO4 — algicide

D) H2O2 — open wounds

E) organic acids — food preservation

 

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